Upper Nepean State Conservation Area is of significance to freshwater Dharawal (or Tharawal) People and inland Gundungurra People, providing a physical and cultural link between them. The park encompasses 25,314 hectares in the upper catchment of the Nepean River. It is located approximately 20 kilometres west of Wollongong, between Wilton in the north, Mittagong in the west and Robertson in the south.