Careunga Nature Reserve is located within the Brigalow Belt South Bioregion. It contains Belah Woodland with an understorey of Wilga and Budda. Small stands of mature Brigalow occur on the western boundary and in the central-north part of the Reserve. Brigalow within the Brigalow Belt South Bioregion is listed as an Endangered Ecological Community under both the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 and the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
Careunga Nature Reserve provides habitat for 66 bird species, 11 mammal species, 3 reptile and 2 amphibian species. Four birds recorded in the Reserve are listed as vulnerable under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995.
