Tallaganda National Park and State Conservation Area contain a mixture of moist and dry forest with small amounts of low open forest, woodland, heath, as well as high altitude swamps which are listed as an endangered ecological community. Some ecosystems, such as swamp gum, black gum, and black sallee grassy woodlands, are not well represented in the current state-wide reserve system. The reserves contain high numbers of spotted-tailed quolls and rare invertebrate fauna, including velvet worms, flatworms, funnel web spiders and springtails.
Tallaganda National Park and State Conservation Area also contain historic eucalyptus distilleries, house/hut sites, trig stations, sawmill sites, mine shafts and fences.