High concentrations of the major air pollutants are associated with respiratory problems such as coughs, bronchitis, asthma and, in severe cases, developmental problems in children, and even death.
The National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air (Air NEPM) sets national standards for the six key air pollutants to which most Australians are exposed: carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, lead and particles.
Standards refer to maximum concentrations of the pollutants set by Air NEPM. Goals refer to allowable exceedances of these maximum concentrations during a year. Find out what these goals and standards are in the table below.
|
Standards/goals for AQI |
|||
|
Pollutant |
Averaging period |
Maximum concentration or standard |
Goal (maximum allowable exceedences) |
|
Carbon monoxide |
8 hours |
9.0 ppm |
1 day a year |
|
Nitrogen dioxide |
1 hour 1 year |
0.12 ppm 0.03 ppm |
1 day a year none |
|
Ozone |
1 hour |
0.10 ppm |
1 day a year 1 day a year |
|
Sulfur dioxide |
1 hour 1 day 1 year |
0.20 ppm 0.08 ppm 0.02 ppm |
1 day a year 1 day a year None |
|
PM10 |
1 day 1 year |
50 µg/m3 25 µg/m3 |
None, excluding exceptional event days None |
|
PM2.5 |
1 day 1 year |
25 µg/m3 8 µg/m3 |
None, excluding exceptional event days None |
|
Visibility or NEPH (as bsp) |
1 hour |
2.1 x 10-4 m-1 (210 Mm-1) |
See notes |
Notes
| ppm |
= |
parts per million by volume (that is, parts of pollutant per million parts of air) |
| PM10 |
= |
particles less than 10 micrometres in diameter |
| PM2.5 |
= | particles less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter |
| µg/m3 |
= | micrograms per cubic metre, referenced to a temperature of 0° Celcius and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kilopascals. |
| bsp |
= |
back scattering potential, which represents the coefficient of light scattering due to particles and is a measure of visibility reducing particles. The lower the bsp value, the lower the level of suspended particles and the better the visibility. There is no AAQ NEPM standard or goal for visibility. The value of 210 Mm-1 (inverse megametres) is the NSW adopted 1 hour standard, which corresponds to a visual distance of approximately 9 kilometres. This means that if NEPH or visibility is less than this value, you would be able to see clearly for at least 9 km. |
| Exceptional event |
= |
defined under Clause 18 of the AAQ NEPM as a ‘fire or dust occurrence that adversely affects air quality at a particular location and causes an exceedance of 1-day average standards in excess of normal historical fluctuations and background levels, and is directly related to: bushfire; jurisdiction authorised hazard reduction burning; or continental scale windblown dust’. When reporting compliance against NEPM goals for both PM10 and PM2.5 daily averages, any exceedance day deemed to be exceptional is excluded. Where an exceedance day is determined to be a non-exceptional event, it is included. |